Saint-Leu-d’Esserent, Église Saint-Leu

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Description

Date

Begun ca. 1160

History

S-Leu is located on a dominant site overlooking the river Oise close the the important quarries which provided building stone for an area extending to Paris and beyond as far as Chartres. The Priory was a recent foundation: in 1081 Hugues, Count of Dammartin gave the church on the site to Guy, bishop of Beauvais on condition that the bishop give it up to the monastery of Cluny for the establishment of a priory. There are no documents for the construction of the existing church.

Plan

An aisled transeptless basilica terminated to the east in a hemicycle with five shallow radiating chapels and ambulatory; the axial bay is wider (like Saint-Martin-des-Champs). The chapel at the base of the hemicycle on the north is vaulted with the ambulatory like S-Denis. To the west of the hemicycle comes a straight bay with quadripartite vault flanked by towers. Then comes a double-bay with sexpartite vaulting and alternating supports followed by six nave bays with quadripartite vaults and piliers cantonnés. The three-segment western frontispiece is considerably narrower than the body of the church and is not quite aligned.

Chronology

There are three chronological entities in the church. First, the western frontispiece with its upstairs chapel in the Carolingian tradition. Around 1140 it was decided to extend the older (11th century) church to the west with a new frontispiece. Bits of the 11th century church are incorporated in this work. Second, around 1160 the builders abandoned their original plan in favor of a wider edifice, moving construction down to the other (eastern) end of the edifice with the construction of the chevet including the sexpartite-vaulted bay. Third, the nave was constructed between c.1180 and 1210. It was decided to conserve the old ill-fitting frontispiece.

Significance

The chevet of S-Leu with its shallow chapels refers both to S-Denis and to Senlis Cathedral--the plan and dimensions are particularly close to the latter. Unusual at S-Leu is the high chapel (added) over the axial bay of the hemicyle and the middle level of the elevation that looks so much like a gallery but is in fact a triforium.

Elevation

A three-story elevation with arcade, triforium (looking like the gallery of Notre-Dame of Paris or Mantes) and clerestory.

Location

Bibliography

Bidault, M., and Lautier, C., Ile-de-France gothique, Paris, 1987, 318-331.
Sandak, "La France méconnue Saint-Leu D'Esserent." Plaisir de France, no. 243 (1959): pp. 16-19.
Histoire de L'abbatiale de Saint-Leu-D'Esserent. Paris: Helio Typo Aulard, 1961.
Fossard, Albert. Le prieuré de Saint-Leu d'Esserent (Abbaye Benedictine De Cluny). Paris, Imprimerie du Reveil, 1934.
Lambin, Émile. "La première floraison de l'art gothique : l'église de Saint-Leu-d'Esserent " Gazette des beaux-arts, 25 (1901): pp. 305-17.
Lautier, Claudine. "La fenêtre dans L'architecture religieuse d'Ile-de-France Au xiiie siècle de Saint-Leu-d'Esserent à la cathédrale de Beauvais." dissertation (deg); Microfiche (mfc), A.N.R.T. Université de Lille III, 1995.
Lefèvre-Pontalis, E., "Saint-Leu-d'Esserent," Congrès archéologique, 72, 1905, 121-129.
Müller, Eugène. La Prieuré De Saint-Leu D'esserent, Publications De La Société Historique De Vexin. Pontoise: Aux bureaux de la Société historique, 1901.
Paquet, Jean-Pierre. "La restauration de Saint-Leu-d'Esserent : problèmes de stabilité." Monuments historiques de la France 1 (1955): pp. 2-19.
Plagnieux, Philippe. "L'abbatiale de Saint-Germain-des-Prés et les débuts de l'architecture gothique." Bulletin Monumental, 158 (2000).
Prache, A., "Saint-Leu d'Esserent," Ile-de-France romane, La Pierre-qui-Vire, 1983, 207-210
Racinet, P., "Les prieurés clunisiens en Picardie au moyen-âge et au XVI. siècle," Revue archéologique de Picardie, 4, 1982, 199-230